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Behringwerke conducted initial experiments in heat treatment.

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Dr Milton Mozen, director of biochemical research and development at Cutter, said that "Concern about hepatitis transmission" was the reason for experiments with heat treatment in the early 1970s.

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David Castaldi from Hyland sent a memo to his distribution team about the decision to proceed with heat treating its product, on the basis not that it would eliminate hepatitis, but reduce the risk of it.

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Dr Shanbrom stated that he tried to persuade the four major manufacturers of factor concentrates to use a detergent process for viral inaction in the mid to late 1970s.

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Bruce L Evatt from the Center for Infectious Diseases wrote to Fred Feldman, Armour Pharmaceuticals regarding heat inactivation of LAV in clotting concentrates and two preliminary experiments that had been undertaken with regards to this.

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UK haemophilia reference centre directors sent a circular letter to all haemophilia centres with recommendations on choice on therapeutic products for the treatment of non-inhibitor patients with Haemophilia A, Haemophilia B or von Willebrand's Disease.

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Chiron Corporation identified, cloned and expressed proteins from Hepatitis non-A non-B virus, which may allow screening for previously undetectable disease.

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In the draft witness statement of Dr Snape, he stated that between May and October 1984 activities leading to the establishment of the 8Y process "began in earnest".

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All issues of Factor 8 were subjected to HT3 heat treatment. The product which was coded 8Y was made at both Oxford and Elstree.

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From May 1985, all Factor 8 issues by BPL/PFL had been heat treated under at least HT2 conditions.

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In a letter from Dr Rizza to Dr Alison Smithies, the DHSS stated that BPL would start releasing 8Y prepared from tested donors from the middle of August, and by the end of September, if not sooner, all NHS Factor 8 would be from tested donors.

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Peter Jones wrote to Medical Assessor, The Committee on Safety of Medicines urging that any material that had not been collected in low risk areas, been individually donor tested and heat treated in an approved manner, should be withheld, at the very least from seronegative people.

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In March 1984, BPL products made by combining a "small pool" approach and heat treatment were used for the first time.

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Preliminary results on the heat treatment of PFC Factor 8 concentrate were published.

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A survey published in the "British Medical Journal" showed that a fifth of centres were using heat treated commercial Factor 9.

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The CBLA agreed to finance the trial of 8CRV.

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PFC routinely issued heat-treated Factor 9 from August 1985.

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Dr Foster stated that observations confirmed that Factor 8 activity could be destroyed even by modest increases in temperature, and at the time it seemed inconceivable that Factor 8 could be heat treated at a temperature high enough to eliminate the risk of hepatitis transition.

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Scotland produced DEFIX and similarly to BPL/PFL's 9A product, there were worries It could lead to thrombosis in some cases.

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PFC Liberton first issued Factor 8 from plasma tested for HIV/HTLV-3 antibody in February 1986.

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