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A deposition of prisoner at Wade Prison and Louisiana State Penitentiary stated that questionnaires pre-filled by inmates working in the plasmapheresis centres were not checked by the donor.

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Evidence from inmates described practices which showed a wholesale disregard for the requirements of the FDA, including no proper physical examinations.

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A prisoner at Wade Prison and Louisiana State Penitentiary donated plasma regularly despite having used intravenous drugs from the age of 13 and having a history of Hepatitis B infection and meningitis.

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A deposition of a prisoner at Louisiana State Penitentiary described a failure to ask about intravenous drug use before donations.

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Kelly Duda described a connection between Pete Longstaff, a man with haemophilia who received Cutter product that "was made with the plasma of 297 inmates from Arkansas".

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Kelly Duda described plasma being sold through brokers, in particular North American Biologics which was bought by Continental Pharma.

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Inmates told Kelly Duda of the extent of subterfuge that was practised in order to enable them to earn a few dollars by selling their plasma.

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Peter Longstaff was given several vials of Cutter product which was made with the plasma of 297 inmates from Arkansas.

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The world market for blood and its derivatives was in the region of $18.5 billion per year.

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Increases in demand for blood products in the 1970's and limitations on domestic supply and regulation resulted in American companies seeking blood and plasma from what were then low-income countries.

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Plasmapheresis centres supplied US companies from Nicaragua, Mexico, Belize, the Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Colombia and Haiti.

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American companies established their own plasmapheresis centres along the southern border of the US so that Mexicans could access them on foot, importing the donor rather than the donation.

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President Nixon ordered the US Department of Health, Education and Welfare to make an intensive study of better ways to manage the American blood supply.

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The US Government decided to transfer responsibility for regulation of the blood industry from the Division of Biological Standards to the Food and Drug Administration, which led to the possibility of greater intervention and inspection from a better resourced regulator.

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There were approximately 7,000 blood and plasma centres in the United States.

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Douglas Starr quoted Professor Zuckerman as describing a Hyland facility in Los Angeles as "an offense to human dignity".

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Cheaper imported plasma formed the basic material for concentrates distributed into 1977 and 1978.

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The UK was a marketplace for five main commercial Factor 8 products: Hemofil - manufactured by Hyland Therapeutics, Kryobulin - manufactured by Immuno AG, Profilate - manufactured by Abbott Laboratories and then by Alpha Therapeutic Corporation, Factorate - manufactured by the Armour Pharmaceutical Company, and Koate - manufactured by the Cutter Laboratories Inc.

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Kryobulin and Hemofil, the first products to be licensed for use in the UK, were the subject of a one year central contract for ten million international units between the UK companies importing them and the Department of Health and Social Services and Welsh Office

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The levels of onward purchase by regional hospital boards both for Kryobulin and Hemofil were not as expected.

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