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A child treated was with concentrates from 1978 onwards and records failed to identify the type of batch number.

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Dr Martin's treatment of Stephen was not atypical, it was also practiced where his brother was treated with commercial concentrates from the age of two

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The second report relating to Stephen's treatment, prepared by Dr Ludlam, noted if cryoprecipitate was not available, then NHS concentrate would be the most appropriate therapy and queried Royal Liverpool Hospital policy

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Dr Martin said that his treatment of the child with concentrate was consistent with the standard treatment being given to patients at the time

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Dr Martin described how there was no instruction to use cryoprecipitate on milder haemophiliacs and that it was generally phased out in the early 1980s.

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Dr Martin did not regard the risk of hepatitis as reason to alter any treatment regime. His aim was however to "keep children out of hospital as much as possible"

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Dr Martin had no recollection of the 24 June 1983 letter from Professor Bloom and Dr Rizza but accepted that there was no alteration in the treatment regime at the time.

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Dr Martin did not attend any UKHCDO meetings in the 1970s and 1980s by his own choice.

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Dr Martin regarded DDAVP of limited value and difficult to use with small children. He made a conscious decision not to use it despite its availability within his hospital.

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Dr Martin did "not make it [his] practice to raise the hepatitis issue with families" and similarly, did not "wish to worry parents with what at first seemed to be a tenuous link" regarding AIDS.

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A medical report on a child born in 1981, with moderate haemophilia, shows that he was treated with concentrates from the age of one and received treatment with concentrates on four occasions in 1983. The report from Dr Ludlam outlined that to justify the use of commercial factor VIII concentrate for this child it would have been necessary for Dr Martin to demonstrate several steps were taken to attempt to treat the child with cryoprecipitate

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A report from the solicitors representing the defendant health authority in the litigation recorded they were "unable" to show that cryoprecipitate and NHS Factor 8 concentrate were not available. Dr Martin "says that he gave no consideration to alternative treatment."

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Dr Winter described how at the around when the Sheffield study took place most clinicians seemed to ignore the issue of NANBH as blood products has brought such miraculous results and so the issues seemed to outweigh the benefits.

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Dr Winter stated that that the Preston paper was a key moment as the general attitude moved from mild to very concerned.

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In oral evidence Dr Mark Winter described how in the 1980s, despite the growing concern of the hepatitis virus, treatment with factor concentrates continued unabated.

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With respect to the growing prevalence of AIDS and the response of UKHCDO, Dr Winter explained how the issue with blood products was that there were constantly new viruses being discovered.

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Dr Winter described how the San Francisco cases in 1982 led to the start of haemophilia doctors understanding they were dealing with a transmissible blood disease.

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Dr Winter described how there are two major problems with concentrate therapy. Firstly, liver disease was much more significant than they thought. Secondly, they required a lot more information to understand what the disease was, how to test for it and how to respond.

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Dr Winter stressed that all haemophilia clinicians were on alert by the end of 1982 on what was occurring regarding the AIDS epidemic.

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Dr Winter explained to the Penrose inquiry that around December 1982, all doctors would have had to interpret the reports from San Francisco that three patients had received blood infected with HIV, and so conclude that HIV was a transmissible disease through blood/blood products.

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