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In Scotland, 60% of donations were being processed into red cell concentrates with 220ml plasma removed.

Published on: 25 July, 2024

Professor Cash wrote to the BMJ criticising doctors who treated patients with whole blood rather than red cell concentrates.

Published on: 25 July, 2024

Professor Urbaniak said that the target for North East Scotland was to produce as much plasma as possible. This was done, producing more per head of population than other Scottish centres, because of the stable donor population.

Published on: 25 July, 2024

Prior to the late 1980s, the Aberdeen RTC had an arrangement with the Grampian Health Board that the Aberdeen Haemophilia Centre would order the commercial products required, the Health Board would pay for them, and the North East Scotland Blood Transfusion Centre would store and issue them.

Published on: 25 July, 2024

The North East Scotland Blood Transfusion Centre did not get involved in decisions about the allocation of product: this was decided between the PFC and the haemophilia centre directors.

Published on: 25 July, 2024

Dr Brian McClelland stated South East Scotland initially had three plasmapheresis beds in the early 1980s for the collection of plasma from donors who had high levels of antibody either to tetanus toxin or to the rhesus antigen to make specific immunoglobulin products, but then started a small automatic plasmapheresis programme. He would have been "keen" to expand it but there was no enthusiasm at SNBTS or the Scottish Home and Health Department to pursue it.

Published on: 25 July, 2024

Professor Cash wrote a report which stated that there were problems in maintaining the supply of blood and blood products throughout the London (Home Counties) area. On rare occasions foreign blood was used in London when the NHS was short and private hospitals had a surplus.

Published on: 25 July, 2024

Thomas Dutton stated in a report that the adequacy of independent self-sufficient regional units was greatly reduced with the introduction of component therapy on a large scale.

Published on: 25 July, 2024

In 1976 it was practice to collect 450mls of blood into 70mls of CPD anticoagulant. Of all donations drawn, about 60% were processed immediately to obtain fresh plasma (about 220mls) and a red cell concentrate.

Published on: 25 July, 2024

In his report entitled "NETHRA Blood Transfusion Services: With Special Reference to Hampstead, Bloomsbury and Islington", Professor John Cash described the problems faced by the London transfusion service, including deficiencies in local blood supply necessitating importation from Europe.

Published on: 25 July, 2024

Dr Harvey Alter and others published an article entitled "The Ausria Test: Critical Evaluation of Sensitivity and Specificity" to study measures of donor screening for Hepatitis B antigen. The authors emphasised that "by far, the single most significant measure for the reduction of posttransfusion hepatitis is the total exclusion of the commercial donor."

Published on: 25 July, 2024

In his witness statement, Professor Richard Tedder recalled his experience working under the supervision of Dr David Dane, who discovered the "Dane particle" that allowed Hepatitis B to be identified.

Published on: 25 July, 2024

Professor Richard Tedder told the Inquiry the importance of knowing your donors: "unless you know your donor you won't know what transmission of agents they are at risk from".

Published on: 25 July, 2024

In a book entitled "A Guide to the Formation and operation of a Transfusion Service", Charles Bowley and others estimated that meeting the need for blood in countries with fully operational public health and blood transfusion services would require over 2% of the population being regular donors.

Published on: 25 July, 2024

In his letter to Dr Bird, Dr John Barbara shared "striking" data on the incidence of Hepatitis B amongst prisoners and the general population in 1971-1972. Dr Barbara wrote that "the difference in rates was sufficiently obvious to prompt the cessation of blood collection from prisoners in North London in 1973".

Published on: 25 July, 2024

The American Red Cross stopped collecting blood from prisons because the incidence of hepatitis was ten times greater among prisoners than among voluntary unpaid donors.

Published on: 25 July, 2024

Dr Maycock wrote to Dr Smith of the Wessex Regional Transfusion Centre in relation to the incidence of the Australian antigen among prisoners and armed forces donors. He expressed concern that the available information "indicates a fairly high incidence."

Published on: 25 July, 2024

A telephone survey of England and Wales transfusion centres regarding the use of prisons as a source of donor blood was conducted. The results were presented to Scottish transfusion directors on 13 September 1983.

Published on: 25 July, 2024

The World Health Organization Expert Committee on Biological Standardization produced requirements for the quality control of blood and blood products and gave recommendations on donor selection.

Published on: 25 July, 2024

A study testing Hepatitis B surface antibody and Hepatitis B core antigen identified six times as many donors testing positive in prisons compared to general donors.

Published on: 25 July, 2024

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