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Professor Cash wrote to Dr Jack Gillon to discuss the Medical & Scientific Committee agreement to use donor counselling guidelines in leaflet form within RTCs.

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A letter from Professor Bloom and Dr Rizza to Haemophilia centre directors stated that many directors reserved supplies of cryoprecipitate for the treatment of children.

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In his oral evidence, Dr Winter agreed that whilst cryoprecipitate was more laborious to use, it could be used, and had been used, to raise Factor 8 levels. Side effects were for the most part transient.

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In an article Dr Biggs said: "Cryoprecipitate is a simple concentrate made from plasma at all Regional Transfusion Centres. Cryoprecipitate is much superior to plasma for the treatment of haemophilia A patients but the material is very variable from one sample to another and the potency cannot be known before it is used."

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Porcine plasma was first used to treat a patient in 1954.

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Early in the Second World War, Dr Edwin Cohn had developed ways of separating plasma into separate protein fractions, by treating whole blood with anticoagulant, separating off the plasma, and "fractionating" the plasma under varying conditions of acidity and proportions of ethanol so as to separate one fraction of it from another.

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Professor Pier Manucci wrote in The Lancet that desmopressin could be "a promising pharmacological alternative to plasma concentrates in the management of some patients with haemophilia and vWd."

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The BMA published a revised ethics handbook - Philosophy & Practice of Medical Ethics. This discussed consent, and the underlying ethical principles, in more detail than previous handbooks.

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The British Medical Association published guidance entitled Medical Ethics which described the relationship between a doctor and their patient "as that of absolute confidence and mutual respect."

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The BMA published its Handbook of Medical Ethics which expressly addressed consent to treatment: "Consent is valid when freely given if the patient understands the nature and consequences of what is proposed. Assumed consent or consent obtained by undue influence is valueless."

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An amended version of the Handbook of Medical Ethics was published and added regarding consent that "Doctors offer advice but it is the patient who decides whether or not to accept the advice.

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Medical Ethics Today: Its Practice and Philosophy referred to the relationship between doctor and patient as: "based on the concept of partnership and collaborative effort...the basic premise is that treatment is undertaken as a result of patients being actively involved in deciding what is to be done to them".

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The Medical Defence Union's guidance on Consent to Operative Treatment noted that the patient "should be given a fair and reasonable explanation, in non-technical language, of the effect and nature of the operation...If the operation contemplated carries special risks, which are probably unknown to the patient, he should, as a general rule, be informed of these risks".

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The Medical Defence Union's memorandum Consent To Treatment began with a quotation from a 1912 decision by the US courts: "No amount of professional skill can justify the substitution of the will of the surgeon for that of his patient".

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The GMC published its first specific guidance on consent in November 1998: Seeking patients' consent: the ethical considerations.

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The Expert Report to the Infected Blood Inquiry on Medical Ethics described the principle of autonomy regarding the patient's consent.

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The Medical Ethics Expert Panel told the Inquiry that consent must be informed: in other words, the patient must have been given sufficient information about the risks and benefits of treatment, alternative treatments and the right to refuse treatment.

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A booklet produced by the Medical Defence Union ("MDU") in or around 1953 explained that: "It is not sufficiently widely known by practitioners that, in law, consent must be given by a patient before an examination can be conducted or treatment administered".

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The NHS management executive published guidance on consent for examination of treatment, regarding a patient's rights, the health professional's role, and consent by patients suffering from a mental disorder.

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To ensure consistency across the UK in the area of patient consent, the Scottish Office produced a guide to consent for examination or treatment, which mirrored the Department of Health's guide regarding a patient's rights, the health professional's role, and consent by patients suffering from a mental disorder.

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