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Kryobulin and Hemofil, the first products to be licensed for use in the UK, were the subject of a one year central contract for ten million international units between the UK companies importing them and the Department of Health and Social Services and Welsh Office

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The levels of onward purchase by regional hospital boards both for Kryobulin and Hemofil were not as expected.

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Sales figures for the year ending October 1976 showed that Hemofil and Kryobulin were the most used products, followed by Factorate and Profilate.

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Survey of commercially-produced and NHS-produced Factor 8 concentrates refers to Hemofil, Kryobulin and Profilate as three main products licensed in the UK.

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Profilate HT gained market share as a consequence of growing confidence that its technique of "wet heat treatment" reduced, although did not eliminate, the risk of infection with non-A non-B Hepatitis as well as inactivating HIV.

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Profilate licensed with the following warning: "This product is prepared from units of human plasma which have been tested and found nonreactive for Hepatitis Associated Antigen. However, it is recognized that presently available methods are not sensitive enough to detect all units of potential infectious plasma and the risk of transmitting hepatitis is still present".

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Over the years the text of the Profilate warning was amended to take account of changes to screening tests, but the final sentence remained unchanged.

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Profilate HT was provided on a named patient basis in the UK

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The licensing authority required references to heat treatment to be that it was intended to "reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agents" rather than making claims about it reducing the risks of HIV or non-A non-B Hepatitis by name.

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In terms of the distribution of market share for commercial Factor 8 products, Factorate accounted for 42%, Koate for 18% and Profilate and Kryobulin both accounted for around 11% of total usage.

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Armour,/Alpha, Travenol/Hyland, Miles/Cutter and Immuno all confirmed that their plasma came from plants that were licensed by the FDA and that the origins of their plasma were identifiable

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Professor Bloom stated that Profilate HT had the largest share of the commercial market.

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Hyland Therapeutics closed a plasma centre in Puerto Rico.

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Hyland Therapeutics closed the Mexico City plant (which used Mexican sourced plasma).

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Hyland Therapeutics closed that their sole plant in Lesotho.

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When AIDS cases first came to public attention in 1981 immigrants from Haiti were found to be at high risk of infection and hence unsuitable as donors.

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Dr Kingdon occupied various positions in Hyland Therapeutics.

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The figure of 1,000 donors appeared on a product label for Kryobulin Red (made with European plasma).

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Companies could voluntarily submit product data sheets to a compendium produced annually by the Association of British Pharmaceutical Industry ("ABPI").

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Data sheets and product leaflets relating to Kryobulin did not mention AIDS, HTLV-3, LAV or HIV.

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