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Dr Winter described how there are two major problems with concentrate therapy. Firstly, liver disease was much more significant than they thought. Secondly, they required a lot more information to understand what the disease was, how to test for it and how to respond.

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Dr Winter stressed that all haemophilia clinicians were on alert by the end of 1982 on what was occurring regarding the AIDS epidemic.

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Dr Winter explained to the Penrose inquiry that around December 1982, all doctors would have had to interpret the reports from San Francisco that three patients had received blood infected with HIV, and so conclude that HIV was a transmissible disease through blood/blood products.

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Dr Winter held that by 1982, there should have been 'alarm bells' over the potential seriousness of the HIV virus.

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With regards to treatment taking place at Guy's Hospital and Margate, Dr Winter, who worked as one of the senior registrars held that there was never enough NHS commercial concentrate.

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Dr Winter held that due to the shortage taking place at Guy's Hospital and Margate, Tooting Bec hospital had to cover the shortage.

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Dr David Owen pledged the Government would fund self-sufficiency in blood and blood products.

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Dr Owen expressed his belief that the NHS should have been self-sufficient to have made the "best-known treatment more readily available to people suffering from haemophilia."

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Dr David Owen accepted in his evidence to the Inquiry that when he was Minister of State for Health he knew the theoretical risk of hepatitis was greatest for those who had been little treated, had mild haemophilia, or were children; by the mid 1970s no-one had suggested, and no-one was suggesting, that an increase in pool size did not mean an increase in risk.

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Lord Owen described that there was no "reason for anybody who was involved in the Department during that period to hang their head in shame" about steps taken to achieve self-sufficiency.

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Lord David Owen stated that a major motivating factor for self-sufficiency, as far as he was concerned, was to ensure the safety of the patient. This included dangers of hepatitis, and the increased risks posed by the pool sizes used by commercial companies.

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Lord Owen described that a major motivating factor was to ensure the safety of the patient. He had in mind the dangers of hepatitis, and the increased risks of this posed by the pool sizes used by commercial companies.

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Lord Owen claimed that that the entire set of his Private Office papers had been destroyed, and he declined to comment on the explanations given in other witnesses' evidence.

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Lord Owen's experience was that practice differs between Departments. His Foreign Office papers remained available to him.

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Lord Owen who had complained about missing papers sought his Private Office papers.

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Lord Owen told the Inquiry in his oral evidence that one of the first duties of the state was to look after the safety of its population, and that that duty extended to the safety of patients receiving blood or blood products.

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In his oral evidence about his time as Minister for Health at the DHSS, Lord Owen stated that although the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland would make their own decisions, they would tend never to go against the grain of the decisions taken in England.

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Professor Bloom argued publicly and very strongly for steps to be taken to reduce or eliminate the risk of HIV transmission, without arguing that there was yet no conclusive proof that heat treatment would necessarily be safe.

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When asked during oral evidence whether Professor Bloom was right to say that at present there was no proof that commercial concentrates were the cause of AIDS, Dr Colvin responded by saying that to him that seemed to be more wishful thinking.

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Dr Brian Colvin thought that it would be more problematic if the heat-treated commercial products turned out to be unsafe from HIV.

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